The name Prosecco comes from the Italian village of Prosecco, near Trieste, where the grape and wine traditionally come from. Unlike champagne, they usually produce Prosecco using the Charmat-Martinotti method. This means that the second phase of fermentation takes place in large steel tanks, as opposed to in the bottle.
Prosecco tends to be slightly sweeter than champagne. It is better young, so be sure to buy the newest vintage. Whereas spumante means sparkling, Prosecco itself can be spumante , frizzante semi-sparkling or even still. While the spumante version is the most popular, there are some Proseccos with light, less lingering perlage bubbles or no bubbles at all. Prosecco is also classified according to EU wine sweetness regulation as being either brut — the most dry, extra-dry , or dry which is essentially sweet.
So, while it is of course confusing, there is a difference between spumante and Prosecco. Remember that spumante means any sparkling wine, whereas Prosecco is a wine from a particular grape that is usually spumante but not always! Some spumante wines you may have heard of include… Franciacorta : Franciacorta is a spumante wine that comes from Lombardy. It is wine with denominazione di origine controllata DOCG. There are low-quality sparkling wines and low-quality spumante wines.
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In any case, I always wondered which is the difference between Champagne and SPumante apart the fact that they come from different countries. Champagne is sparkling wine that is produced in the Champagne region of France. The grapes used in champagne are usually Pinot noir, Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier. I think that there are a few sparkling wines that are grown outside of Champagne, France, that are allowed to be labeled as champagne but for a purist, they aren't actually champagne.
The politics are complicated, and you can get an overview of the idea at the champagne wikipedia page. Spumante, on the other hand, is a sparkling white wine from the Piedmont region of Italy. It is also called asti or asti spumante. It's made from the Moscato Bianco grape. More information can be found on the spumante wikipedia page.
I find spumante wines to be very sweet, whereas you can purchase champagnes that are brut dry , demi-sec half-dry and doux sweet. Most champagnes are pretty dry. I think it's a matter of taste for when you want to drink champagne vs. If the cost is an issue, then champagne should be saved for special occasions. Spumante is good for a meal or occasion that calls for a sweeter sparkling wine. If I want a dry sparkling wine and don't want to shell out for champagne, there is always Prosecco , Cava , or other generic sparkling wines.
Adding to Lemontwist's answer, both Champagne and Cava are produced using secondary fermentation inside the bottle the champenoise method , whereas the spumante wines are fermented in tanks. The difference is that you have to tend thousands of bottles for months with the champenoise method, while you can fill the same thousands of bottles from the tanks in a couple of hours.
Tending to the bottles is what accounts for the price difference. Tank fermented bubbles tend to be larger than bottle fermented bubbles. Smaller bubbles are considered more elegant. Spumante is simply "sparkling wine.
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